ENCLOSURE 1

Eras of Change in the Evolution of Cardiac Surgery

1

1896 REHN in Frankfurt - First successful suture of a heart wound

1925 SOUTTAR in London - First successful dilation of stenotic mitral valve

2

1938 GROSS in Boston - Closure of patent ductus arteriousus

1944-45 HARKEN in World War II - Removal of intracardiac foreign bodies with no deaths, the first consistently successful intracardiac surgery

1944-45 BLALOCK and TAUSSIG in Baltimore - Development of the "blue baby" operation

1944-45 CRAFOORD in Stockholm and GROSS with HUFNAGEL in Boston (independently) - Correction of coarctation of the aorta

1948 BAILEY in Philadelphia, HARKEN in Boston, and BROCK in London - First, second and thirt modern operation inside the heart - to relieve mitral stenosis

3

1953 GIBBON in Philadelphia, DENNIS in Minneapolis and DODRILL in Detroit - First successful use of heart-lung machines

4

1952 HUFNAGEL of Washington, then in Boston - Firtst caged-ball artificial valve installed (in descending thoracic aorta)

1960 HARKEN in Boston - First caged-ball heart valve in anatomic (aortic subcommen) position

1961 STARR in Portland - First caged-ball mitral valve

1967 FAVALORO in Cleveland - Made practical clinical use of coronary bypass, using saphenous vein grafts

1967-68 BARNARD in Cape Town, then KANTROWITZ in New York and SHUMWAY in Palo Alto using Shumway technique - human cardiac transplantation

From To Mend the Heart: The Dramatic Story of Cardiac Surgery and Its Pioneers by Lael Wertenbaker, The Viking Press, New York, 1980.